Understanding Common Health Risks in West Highland White Terriers

As a licensed veterinarian practicing in Texas for over a decade, I’ve had the pleasure of working with countless West Highland White Terriers, affectionately known as Westies. These little white bundles of energy are spirited, affectionate, and often seem indestructible—but beneath their cheerful exterior, Westies have some unique health considerations that owners should be aware of.

I first noticed the breed’s predisposition to specific issues early in my career, when a client brought in a four-year-old Westie with persistent itching and redness.

At first glance, it seemed like a common allergy, but after thorough testing, I confirmed it was atopic dermatitis—a condition I’ve since seen frequently in Westies. Understanding these breed-specific tendencies can make a real difference in keeping your dog healthy and happy.

Skin Problems and Allergies

Westies are particularly prone to skin issues, including allergies and a condition called “Westie white coat dermatitis.” In my experience, these often manifest as redness, frequent scratching, and hair thinning around the face and paws.

One of the most common mistakes I see owners make is relying solely on over-the-counter shampoos without veterinary guidance. While gentle cleansing can help, untreated allergies often progress to bacterial or yeast infections, which require prescription treatment.

I remember a case last spring where a six-year-old Westie had recurring ear infections and inflamed skin. The owner had tried multiple shampoos and home remedies for months. Still, it wasn’t until we changed the diet and prescribed targeted topical treatment that the dog’s condition finally improved. This experience reinforced the importance of professional assessment rather than guessing at solutions.

Joint and Mobility Concerns

Although Westies are small, they can develop joint issues, particularly patellar luxation and hip dysplasia. I’ve seen several young Westies come in limping after a vigorous play session, only to discover mild patellar luxation.

Often, owners think the dog “twisted” its leg, but early veterinary evaluation can prevent chronic problems. In one case, a three-year-old Westie benefited from a structured exercise plan and physical therapy, which minimized the need for surgical intervention.

I always advise owners to maintain an ideal weight for their Westies. Excess weight puts unnecessary strain on joints, worsening these conditions. From my hands-on experience, even a slight weight reduction can significantly improve mobility and comfort.

Dental Health

Westies are notorious for dental issues. In my clinic, I’ve encountered countless cases of tartar buildup, gum disease, and early tooth loss in this breed. One memorable case involved a Westie who presented with bad breath and difficulty eating. Upon examination, nearly half of its teeth required extraction.

I’ve found that regular brushing and periodic professional cleanings can prevent this scenario. Many owners underestimate the impact dental health has on overall well-being, so I stress it repeatedly in consultations.

Respiratory Sensitivities

While Westies aren’t brachycephalic like Bulldogs, they can still develop respiratory sensitivities, especially during vigorous play or in extreme weather. I recall a client who brought in a Westie panting heavily on a hot summer day.

We checked for underlying conditions, such as tracheal collapse, which can occasionally occur, but in this case, it was simply heat stress. Still, the incident highlighted that even energetic, healthy Westies need careful monitoring during intense exercise or in extreme heat.

Preventive Care and Routine Monitoring

From my years of practice, one overarching lesson stands out: early detection and preventive care are invaluable. Regular veterinary checkups, routine blood work, dental assessments, and attention to diet and exercise habits make a significant difference in Westies’ quality of life. I’ve personally seen owners who were diligent about checkups catch thyroid issues, skin problems, and joint concerns long before they became severe.

A client last winter brought in a Westie for a routine exam, and we discovered early-stage hypothyroidism. The dog remained active and playful, and treatment was started immediately, preventing lethargy, weight gain, and other complications. Experiences like this reinforce why proactive care is better than reactive treatment.

Westies bring a remarkable combination of charm, intelligence, and spunk into a household, but they do come with specific health considerations. Skin conditions, joint issues, dental concerns, and occasional respiratory sensitivities are not just theoretical—they are realities I’ve encountered time and again in my practice. By staying observant, seeking professional advice early, and committing to preventive care, owners can help their Westies live longer, healthier, and happier lives.